Sudden spikes in impressions with almost no engagement are a red flag, especially when session duration is extremely short or always zero. Repeated clicks from the same IP range, odd geographic clustering, or mismatched device fingerprints often signal bots. Tracking conversion rates against clicks helps reveal traffic that never intends to act. Referrer inconsistencies and unnatural click timing also expose automated sources. Like analyzing search logs, these signals form a pattern of intent versus noise.