Typically, platforms fall back on server-side tracking, referral parameters, or click IDs captured at the time of the original visit. If those identifiers are missing they may use probabilistic matching or aggregated analytics though accuracy can drop without persistent cookies. This means some conversions can be unattributed or reassigned depending on later signals and cross-device behavior data. How can improving server-side attribution models and using privacy-safe identifiers help platforms like BMF.io maintain accurate conversion tracking?